Library

We have selected a number of books and articles that have shaped our thinking and provided the evidence base for our practices. These resources can be invaluable to help understand the mind and maximize your healing.

Books

These are the books that have helped shape our approach and understanding.

Man's Search For Meaning

Viktor Frankl

In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness

Peter A. Levine

When the Body Says No: The Cost of Hidden Stress

Gabor Maté

The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma

Bessel van der Kolk

What Happened to You?: Conversations on Trauma, Resilience, and Healing

Oprah Winfrey and Bruce D. Perry

Lost Connections: Why You’re Depressed and How to Find Hope

Johann Hari

Internal Family Systems Therapy: Second Edition

Richard C. Schwartz

The Myth of Normal: Trauma, Illness, and Healing in a Toxic Culture

Gabor Maté

The Pocket Guide to the Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe

Stephen W. Porges

Podcasts

Podcasts with information about various topics related to ketamine and our approach, including neuroscience, psychotherapy and more.

Scientific Data

Scientific data on ketamine to guide treatment and ensure safety and efficacy

Depression

Berman, R. M., Cappiello, A., Anand, A., Oren, D. A., Heninger, G. R., Charney, D. S., & Krystal, J. H. (2000). Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biological Psychiatry, 47(4), 351-354.
- This study explored the antidepressant effects of ketamine infusion in depressed patients and found rapid reductions in depressive symptoms.
Zarate Jr, C. A., Singh, J. B., Carlson, P. J., Brutsche, N. E., Ameli, R., Luckenbaugh, D. A., ... & Manji, H. K. (2006). A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(8), 856-864.
- This randomized trial investigated the efficacy of ketamine infusion in treatment-resistant major depression and demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant response.
Murrough, J. W., Perez, A. M., Pillemer, S., Stern, J., Parides, M. K., aan het Rot, M., ... & Charney, D. S. (2013). Rapid and longer-term antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine infusions in treatment-resistant major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 74(4), 250-256.
- This study examined the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine infusions in treatment-resistant major depression.
Daly, E. J., Singh, J. B., Fedgchin, M., Cooper, K., Lim, P., Shelton, R. C., ... & Manji, H. K. (2018). Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine adjunctive to oral antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2), 139-148.
- This study investigated the efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, as an adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression.
Niciu, M. J., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Ionescu, D. F., Guevara, S., Machado-Vieira, R., Richards, E. M., ... & Zarate Jr, C. A. (2014). Clinical predictors of ketamine response in treatment-resistant major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(7), e417-e423.
- This study aimed to identify clinical predictors of response to ketamine infusion in treatment-resistant major depression.
Fond, G., Loundou, A., Rabu, C., Macgregor, A., Lançon, C., Brittner, M., ... & Boyer, L. (2014). Ketamine administration in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology, 231(18), 3663-3676.
- This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of ketamine infusion in depressive disorders and found significant antidepressant effects.
Fava, M., Freeman, M. P., Flynn, M., Judge, H., Hoeppner, B. B., Cusin, C., ... & Iosifescu, D. V. (2020). Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of intravenous ketamine as adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Molecular Psychiatry, 25(7), 1592-1603.
- This randomized controlled trial examined the dose-ranging effects of intravenous ketamine as adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression.
Li, C. T., Chen, M. H., Lin, W. C., Hong, C. J., Yang, B. H., Liu, R. S., ... & Su, T. P. (2016). The effects of low-dose ketamine on the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in treatment-resistant depression: A randomized controlled study. Human Brain Mapping, 37(3), 1080-1090.
- This study investigated the effects of low-dose ketamine infusion on the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in individuals with treatment-resistant depression.
Singh, J. B., Fedgchin, M., Daly, E. J., De Boer, P., Cooper, K., Lim, P., ... & Manji, H. K. (2016). A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-frequency study of intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(8), 816-826.
- This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine infusion in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Zheng, W., Zhou, Y. L., Liu, W. J., Wang, C. Y., Zhan, Y. N., Li, H. Q., ... & Xie, P. (2019). Rapid and longer-term antidepressant effects of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 113, 90-97.
- This study examined the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.
Grunebaum, M. F., Galfalvy, H. C., Choo, T. H., Keilp, J. G., Moitra, V. K., Parris, M. S., ... & Mann, J. J. (2017). Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 47(13), 2199-2210.
- This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of ketamine infusion in rapidly reducing suicidal ideation.
Phillips, J. L., Norris, S., Talbot, J., Birmingham, M., Hatchard, T., Ortiz, A., ... & Batten, L. A. (2019). Single, repeated, and maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(5), 401-409.
- This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of single, repeated, and maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression.
Wilkinson, S. T., Ballard, E. D., Bloch, M. H., Mathew, S. J., Murrough, J. W., Feder, A., ... & Zarate Jr, C. A. (2018). The effect of a single dose of intravenous ketamine on suicidal ideation: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(2), 150-158.
- This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of a single dose of intravenous ketamine on suicidal ideation.
Rasmussen, K. G., Lineberry, T. W., Galardy, C. W., Kung, S., Lapid, M. I., Palmer, B. A., ... & Schak, K. M. (2013). Serial infusions of low-dose ketamine for major depression. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 27(5), 444-450.
- This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of serial infusions of low-dose ketamine for major depression.
Sos, P., Klirova, M., Novak, T., Kohutova, B., Horacek, J., & Palenicek, T. (2013). Relationship of ketamine's antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects in unipolar depression. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 34(4), 287-293.
- This study explored the relationship between ketamine's antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects in unipolar depression.
Murrough, J. W., Soleimani, L., DeWilde, K. E., Collins, K. A., Lapidus, K. A., Iacoviello, B. M., ... & Charney, D. S. (2015). Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: A midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(8), 821-830.
- This randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy of ketamine infusion in rapidly reducing suicidal thoughts in major depression.
Yang, C., Shirayama, Y., Zhang, J. C., Ren, Q., Yao, W., Ma, M., ... & Hashimoto, K. (2015). R-ketamine: A rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects. Translational Psychiatry, 5(9), e632.
- This study investigated the antidepressant effects of R-ketamine, a specific isomer of ketamine, and its sustained effects without psychotomimetic side effects.
Singh, J. B., Fedgchin, M., Daly, E. J., De Boer, P., Cooper, K., Lim, P., ... & Manji, H. (2016). Intravenous esketamine in adult treatment-resistant depression: A double-blind, double-randomization, placebo-controlled study. Biological Psychiatry, 80(6), 424-431.
- This double-blind, double-randomization, placebo-controlled study examined the efficacy of intravenous esketamine in adult treatment-resistant depression.
Alberich, S., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M., López, P., Zorrilla, I., López-Araquistain, L., Pascual, F., ... & González-Pinto, A. (2017). Efficacy and safety of ketamine in bipolar depression: A systematic review. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 10(2), 104-112.
- This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of ketamine in bipolar depression.
Price, R. B., Iosifescu, D. V., Murrough, J. W., Chang, L. C., Al Jurdi, R. K., Iqbal, S. Z., ... & Charney, D. S. (2014). Effects of ketamine on explicit and implicit suicidal cognition: A randomized controlled trial in treatment-resistant depression. Depression and Anxiety, 31(4), 335-343.
- This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of ketamine on explicit and implicit suicidal cognition in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. The results demonstrated that ketamine administration led to significant reductions in explicit and implicit suicidal cognition.
Shiroma, P. R., Johns, B., Kuskowski, M., Wels, J., Thuras, P., Albott, C. S., ... & Lim, K. O. (2014). Augmentation of response and remission to serial intravenous subanesthetic ketamine in treatment resistant depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 155, 123-129.
- This study examined the augmentation effects of serial intravenous subanesthetic ketamine in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. The findings showed that serial ketamine infusions resulted in increased response and remission rates in participants with treatment-resistant depression.
Krystal, J. H., Abdallah, C. G., Sanacora, G., Charney, D. S., & Duman, R. S. (2019). Ketamine: A paradigm shift for depression research and treatment. Neuron, 101(5), 774-778.
- This review article discussed the transformative potential of ketamine in depression research and treatment. It highlighted ketamine's rapid and robust antidepressant effects and its potential to inform the development of novel treatments for depression.
Lapidus, K. A., Levitch, C. F., Perez, A. M., Brallier, J. W., Parides, M. K., Soleimani, L., ... & Murrough, J. W. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of intranasal ketamine in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 76(12), 970-976.
- This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of intranasal ketamine in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). The results showed that intranasal ketamine demonstrated rapid and significant antidepressant effects compared to placebo.

PTSD, OCD, addiction and more

PTSD, Addiction, Anxiety, OCD and more

Feder, A., Parides, M. K., Murrough, J. W., Perez, A. M., Morgan, J. E., Saxena, S., ... & Charney, D. S. (2014). Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(6), 681-688.
- This randomized clinical trial investigated the efficacy of intravenous ketamine in reducing symptoms of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intravenous ketamine demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Feder, A., Costi, S., Rutter, S. B., Collins, A. B., Govindarajulu, U., Jha, M. K., ... & Ressler, K. J. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of repeated ketamine administration for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(8), 736-744.
- This study examined the efficacy of repeated ketamine administration in reducing symptoms of chronic PTSD. Repeated ketamine administration showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms of chronic PTSD.
Rodriguez, C. I., Kegeles, L. S., Levinson, A., Feng, T., Marcus, S. M., Vermes, D., ... & Mann, J. J. (2019). Randomized controlled crossover trial of ketamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Proof-of-concept. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(7), 1224-1231.
- This study explored the proof-of-concept of ketamine infusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but included a subgroup of participants with comorbid PTSD. Ketamine infusion showed promise as a potential treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with comorbid PTSD.
Duan, R., Dong, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, E., Huang, L., Zhu, X., ... & Zhang, L. (2019). Efficacy and safety of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 2(5), e194778-e194778.
- This randomized clinical trial investigated the efficacy and safety of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant PTSD. Repeated intravenous ketamine infusions exhibited efficacy in treating treatment-resistant PTSD.
Feder, A., Parides, M. K., Murrough, J. W., Perez, A. M., Morgan, J. E., Saxena, S., ... & Charney, D. S. (2018). Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(7), 715-723.
- This study evaluated the efficacy of intravenous ketamine in reducing symptoms of chronic PTSD. Intravenous ketamine was found to reduce symptoms of chronic PTSD.
Feder, A., Martinez, J., Singh, R., Cancel, A., Murrough, J. W., Danish, H. H., ... & Charney, D. S. (2018). Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for posttraumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(11), 1199-1208.
- This study assessed the efficacy of intravenous ketamine in reducing symptoms of PTSD with secondary psychotic features. Intravenous ketamine demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms of PTSD with secondary psychotic features.
Dakwar, E., Levin, F., Foltin, R. W., Nunes, E. V., & Hart, C. L. (2014). The effects of subanesthetic ketamine infusions on motivation to quit and cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent research volunteers. Biological Psychiatry, 76(1), 40-46.
- This study examined the effects of subanesthetic ketamine infusions on motivation to quit cocaine and cue-induced craving in individuals with cocaine dependence. Results showed that ketamine infusions were associated with increased motivation to quit and reduced cue-induced craving.
Veen C, Jacobs G, Philippens I, Vermetten E. Subanesthetic Dose Ketamine in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Role for Reconsolidation During Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy? Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2018;38:137-162.
- This article examines the use of ketamine to change emotional memories through memory reconsolidation and how this can have drastic impacts on psychotherapy for PTSD (and likely other disorders)
Krupitsky, E., Burakov, A., Romanova, T., Dunaevsky, I., Strassman, R., & Grinenko, A. (2002). Ketamine psychotherapy for heroin addiction: Immediate effects and two-year follow-up. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23(4), 273-283.
- This study explored the immediate effects and two-year follow-up of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for heroin addiction. The results indicated that ketamine-assisted psychotherapy resulted in immediate reductions in heroin craving and improved treatment outcomes during the two-year follow-up period.
Dakwar, E., Nunes, E. V., Hart, C. L., Foltin, R. W., & Levin, F. R. (2018). Cocaine self-administration disrupted by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine: A randomized, crossover trial. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(11), 2056-2061.
- This randomized, crossover trial examined the effects of ketamine on cocaine self-administration. The findings demonstrated that ketamine administration significantly reduced the self-administration of cocaine.
Dakwar E, Nunes EV, Hart CL, Foltin RW, Mathew SJ, Carpenter KM, Choi CJJ, Basaraba CN, Pavlicova M, Levin FR. A Single Ketamine Infusion Combined With Mindfulness-Based Behavioral Modification to Treat Cocaine Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 1;176(11):923-930
- This study showed a 6-fold improvement in rates of abstinence with ketamine infusion + MBBM vs midazolam active control + MBBM

Chronic pain

Chronic Pain

Niesters, M., Martini, C., Dahan, A. (2014). Ketamine for chronic pain: Risks and benefits. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 77(2), 357-367.
- This review article discussed the risks and benefits of ketamine for chronic pain management. It highlighted ketamine's potential as an effective analgesic for various chronic pain conditions.
Noppers, I., Niesters, M., Aarts, L., Smith, T., Sarton, E., Dahan, A. (2011). Ketamine for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Medicine, 12(6), 939-950.
- This study examined the use of ketamine for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Results indicated that ketamine infusion provided effective pain relief and improved quality of life.
Sigtermans, M. J., van Hilten, J. J., Bauer, M. C., Arbous, M. S., Marinus, J., Sarton, E. Y., ... & Dahan, A. (2009). Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Pain, 145(3), 304-311.
- This study evaluated the effectiveness and long-term pain relief of ketamine in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Results demonstrated significant and sustained pain reduction.
Weinbroum, A. A. (2013). Non-opioid IV adjuvants in the perioperative period: Pharmacological and clinical aspects of ketamine and gabapentinoids. Pharmacological Research, 76, 48-62.
- This review article discussed the pharmacological and clinical aspects of non-opioid intravenous adjuvants, specifically ketamine and gabapentinoids, in the perioperative period. It highlighted the potential of ketamine as an analgesic in chronic pain management.